Need of Biomedical Waste Management System in Hospitals – An Emerging issue – A Review. PRAVEEN MATHUR, SANGEETA PATAN* and ANAND S.
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- Biomedical waste requirements in Florida as set by Florida Statute and the Florida Department of. Biomedical Waste Rules Chapter 64E-16, FAC (60kb PDF) Biomedical Waste Receipt Log; Biomedical Waste Transport.
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SHOBHAWATDepartment of Environmental Science, MDS University Ajmer - 3. India)Abstract: Medical care is vital for our life and health, but the waste generated from medical activities represents a real problem of living nature and human world. Improper management of waste generated in health care facilities causes a direct health impact on the community, the health care workers and on the environment Every day, relatively large amount of potentially infectious and hazardous waste are generated in the health care hospitals and facilities around the world. Indiscriminate disposal of BMW or hospital waste and exposure to such waste possess serious threat to environment and to human health that requires specific treatment and management prior to its final disposal. The present review article deals with the basic issues as definition, categories, problems relating to biomedical waste and procedure of handling and disposal method of Biomedical Waste Management. It also intends to create awareness amongst the personnel involved in health care unit.
Keywords: Hazardous waste,Biomedical Waste Management,Health care unit. Download this article as: Copy the following to cite this article: Mathur P, Patan S, Shobhawat S. Need of Biomedical Waste Management System in Hospitals - An Emerging issue - A Review. Curr World Environ 2. Copy the following to cite this URL: Mathur P, Patan S, Shobhawat S. Need of Biomedical Waste Management System in Hospitals - An Emerging issue - A Review. Curr World Environ 2.
CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE.
Available from: http: //www. INTRODUCTIONBiomedical waste management has recently emerged as an issue of major concern not only to hospitals, nursing home authorities but also to the environment. Although hazards of poor management of biomedical waste have aroused the concern world over, especially in the light of its far- reaching effects on human, health and the environment. Now it is a well established fact that there are many adverse and harmful effects to the environment including human beings which are caused by the . Hospital waste is a potential health hazard to the health care workers, public and flora and fauna of the area. The problems of the waste disposal in the hospitals and other health- care institutions have become issues of increasing concern. Definition. According to Biomedical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1.
India . 4. The Government of India (notification, 1. Hospital Waste Management is a part of hospital hygiene and maintenance activities. This involves management of range of activities, which are mainly engineering functions, such as collection, transportation, operation or treatment of processing systems, and disposal of wastes. About 1. 5% to 3.
Hospital waste is regulated as infectious waste. This range is dependent on the total amount of waste generated (Glenn and Garwal, 1. Classification of Bio- Medical Waste. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified medical waste into eight categories. The hospital waste, in addition to the risk for patients and personnel who handle them also poses a threat to public health and environment. Major Sources. Govt.
Awareness and Knowledge Practices about the Bio Medical Waste Management at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Bhavanam Srinivas Reddy *, Dr.J.N.Rao**. INTRODUCTION mentioned in the schedule one of biomedical waste rules 2000 by. BIO-MEDICAL WASTE (MANAGEMENT AND HANDLING) RULES 1998 . The Bio-medical waste generated from various sources has become a problem and much attention is being given worldwide. Department: The University of Maine Safety and Environmental Management Department Page i Document: Biomedical Waste Management Plan MP11190, 1/22/09, Rev 2. Biomedical waste is potentially. It was found that 26% of doctors and 43% of paramedical staff were unaware of the risks related to biomedical.
Lack of segregation practices, results in mixing of hospital wastes with general waste making the whole waste stream hazardous. Inappropriate segregation ultimately results in an incorrect method of waste disposal. Inadequate Bio- Medical waste management thus will cause environmental pollution, unpleasant smell, growth and multiplication of vectors like insects, rodents and worms and may lead to the transmission of diseases like typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and AIDS through injuries from syringes and needles contaminated with human.
Various communicable diseases, which spread through water, sweat, blood, body fluids and contaminated organs, are important to be prevented. The Bio Medical Waste scattered in and around the hospitals invites flies, insects, rodents, cats and dogs that are responsible for the spread of communication disease like plague and rabies. Rag pickers in the hospital, sorting out the garbage are at a risk of getting tetanus and HIV infections.
The recycling of disposable syringes, needles, IV sets and other article like glass bottles without proper sterilization are responsible for Hepatitis, HIV, and other viral diseases. It becomes primary responsibility of Health administrators to manage hospital waste in most safe and eco- friendly manner. The problem of bio- medical waste disposal in the hospitals and other healthcare establishments has become an issue of increasing concern, prompting hospital administration to seek new ways of scientific, safe and cost effective management of the waste, and keeping their personnel informed about the advances in this area. The need of proper hospital waste management system is of prime importance and is an essential component of quality assurance in hospitals. Need of biomedical waste management in hospitals.
The reasons due to which there is great need of management of hospitals waste such as: Injuries from sharps leading to infection to all categories of hospital personnel and waste handler. Risk of infection outside hospital for waste handlers and scavengers and at time general public living in the vicinity of hospitals. Risk associated with hazardous chemicals, drugs to persons handling wastes at all levels. The hospital waste like body parts, organs, tissues, blood and body fluids along with soiled linen, cotton, bandage and plaster casts from infected and contaminated areas are very essential to be properly collected, segregated, stored, transported, treated and disposed of in safe manner to prevent nosocomial or hospital acquired infection. Waste collection. Segregation. Transportation and storage.
Treatment & Disposal. Transport to final disposal site. Final disposal. Biomedical Waste Treatment and Disposal. Health care waste is a heterogeneous mixture, which is very difficult to manage as such. But the problem can be simplified and its dimension reduced considerably if a proper management system is planned. Incineration Technology.
This is a high temperature thermal process employing combustion of the waste under controlled condition for converting them into inert material and gases. Incinerators can be oil fired or electrically powered or a combination thereof. Broadly, three types of incinerators are used for hospital waste: multiple hearth type, rotary kiln and controlled air types. All the types can have primary and secondary combustion chambers to ensure optimal combustion.
These are refractory lined. Non- Incineration. Technology. Non- incineration treatment includes four basic processes: thermal, chemical, irradiative, and biological.
The majority of non- incineration technologies employ the thermal and chemical processes. The main purpose of the treatment technology is to decontaminate waste by destroying pathogens. Facilities should make certain that the technology could meet state criteria for disinfection. The system operates with temperature of 1. Vacuum pumps are used to evacuate air from the Pre vacuum autoclave system so that the time cycle is reduced to 3. It operates at about 1. Retort type autoclaves are designed much higher steam temperature and pressure.
Autoclave treatment has been recommended for microbiology and biotechnology waste, waste sharps, soiled and solid wastes. This technology renders certain categories (mentioned in the rules) of bio- medical waste innocuous and unrecognizable so that the treated residue can be land filled. Microwave Irradiation. It is an environment- friendly technology, which converts organic waste into commercially useful byproducts. The intense heat generated by the plasma enables it to dispose all types of waste including municipal solid waste, biomedical waste and hazardous waste in a safe and reliable manner. Medical waste is pyrolysed into CO, H2, and hydrocarbons when it comes in contact with the plasma- arc.
These gases are burned and produce a high temperature (around 1. C). 9. Biomedical Waste Management Rules. Safe disposal of biomedical waste is now a legal requirement in India. The Biomedical Waste Management & Handling) Rules, 1. In accordance with these rules, it is the duty of every . It consists of six schedules. Schedule ISchedule IISchedule IIISchedule IVSchedule VSchedule VISchedule IVLabel for Transport of Bio- Medical Waste Containers/Bags.
Day . For this purpose a specific fee can be charged from private hospitals. Special vehicle i. Carry bags also have the biohazard symbol on them. CONCLUSIONMedical wastes should be classified according to their source, typology and risk factors associated with their handling, storage and ultimate disposal.
The segregation of waste at source is the key step and reduction, reuse and recycling should be considered in proper perspectives. We need to consider innovative and radical measures to clean up the distressing picture of lack of civic concern on the part of hospitals and slackness in government implementation of bare minimum of rules, as waste generation particularly biomedical waste imposes increasing direct and indirect costs on society.
The challenge before us, therefore, is to scientifically manage growing quantities of biomedical waste that go beyond past practices. If we want to protect our environment and health of community we must sensitize our selves to this important issue not only in the interest of health managers but also in the interest of community. REFERENCESMandal S. P., Biswas G., and Sharma, J. Clinical waste in Developing Countries. An analysis with a Case. Management of Hospital Wastes- An overview.
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